MASTER HERBS STUDY 1

Herbs study in lowland and hilly dipterokarp fortest in krau reserve at temerloh phg darul makmur

Herbs study 6000-7000 herbs are determine in the nusantara and Malaysia….refer to miharja…
Lowland dipterokarp is the forest from family dipterokarpaceae which growth at > 300 meter above sea level

Hilly dipterokarpap forest is refer to the forest family dipterojarpaceae which growth 300-750 above sea level…
Krau forest reserve was gazetted since 1923
The site study are around the forest stand in bukit rengit and bu8kit tapah covering 200 hektar consisting by the meranti merah , merbau and keruing if fimili dipterokarpaceae/ kaum damar
DESIGN METHOD
The 75 plots study will set up with radius/jejari 25 meter
In bukit tapah

So the size of 1962.5 meter persegi for each plot and the study plot will covering the 75 plots sized 147,187.5 meter persegi / 14.71875 ha










INTRODUCTION
History of krau forest reserve in temerloh district phg darul makmur

Krau forest reserve was gazetted since 1923 with the forest covering of 62395 ha / 623.95 km square nowadays.
Krau reserve after war
The reserve was manged by jabatan perlindungan hidupan liar dan taman negera MERGASTUA (PERHILITAN)
Logging operation in 1969 in the north of the reserve such as Perlok ; eastern and southern of the rerserve. Eastern nowadays become the felda jenderak selatan dan southern boundary become the felda bukit damar stake holder. Bukit dammar is 1.5 km far from the reserve. The implication of felda stake holder oil palm plantation is the decrease of size of lowland forest stand at the southern boundary
The "pencari getah jelutung" for chew gum are also active in around this reserve Milton
(1960)
Lowland dipterokarp forest which open for Felda in the almost fertilize soil.
According to steven 1967 mention that the eastern of bukit tapah were logged along side of the krau river.
Steven 1967 proposed for gazzetting the resrve as Rizab Hidupan Liar Krau in 1960an.

IKLIM/ CLIMATE\
The reserve is located in the dry season of monsoon timur laut because it was located between banjaran timur in eastern and banjaran titiwangsa in the western
The annually rainfall was 1968mm in temerloh district. The heavy rainfall was in april to june and November. The average suhu is 26.4 darjah celcius annully in 1999 data from Jabatan kaji cuaca, Temerloh

Average rainfall in 1986 to 1990 statedthat the month of novemebr is the highest e.i 219.8mm followed by September, 185.0mm; Disember 181.2mm and oktober 178.5 mm
The month of febraury is the lowest wich stated 63.7mm. the highest evaporation/.sejatan is occurred in mac with 160.9mm followed by april 153.7mm and febraury 143.3mm

As referred to jabatan kaji cuaca Temerloh mention that the month of November is the lowest in evoparation/sejatan but as the highest rainfall in the reserve

THE RESERVE TERRAIN
There are 0.5 million hektar the forest stand aroung the krau forest reserve that managed by forest department…
According to jabtan hutan mention that the jabatan hutan manage 1.4 million hectare of forsert stand such as hutan simpan som. Refered to jadual 1…forest that n=managed by forest department…
The terrain in this reserve is around 45- 2,108 meter above sea level .
The southern boundary and the the middle of this reserve are lowland dipterokarp forest. The upper hilly and mountain forest /the mountain range located in noth western of this reserve are with gunung benum the highest terrain.
Bukit Tapah and Bukit rengit are located in the southern of this reserve.the rivers wich flow through the reserve is sungai krau, sungai lompat and sungai teris wahich known as anak sungai semantan. The reserve is 60338 hektar after loggi8ng operation in 1969. The forest stand covering of 156,607 ha persegi.



THE POPULATION AND LAND USE
The reserved was gazette since 1923 with 156,607 ha covering by the forest stand nowadays.
The peroimeter of the resrve is 136km refered to ArcGis 3.around the reserve are a. 14.5 percent is plantation such as felda and for agriculture purposes b. 267 percet for private plantation c. 58.65 covered by primary forest stand.
In 2009 there is The Agfro food Industry sdn bhd started the plantaionb operation by planting the nadir fruit such as citrus, nangka etc in the southern of the reserve.

There are 12 thousand people live around the rserve. Refered to baci 1980 and 1991 the population of phg stae increase 2.72 percent.
Three mukim around the reserve are mukim semantan,kerdau, jenderak and Gali

SOIL
The lowland forest of the reseve consist of hornblende granit , sianit, pairoksin granit

porphiri dan dioxide
this type of soil is fertilized naturally at the top soil.
Nort eastern of gunung benum consist of batu batan trias and lahar gunung berapi until reach to the elevation of 1000meter above sea level. In gunung beum there is granite rock. Also the acidic soil in upper hilly forest.
FLORA IN THE RESRVE
There are 674 species of vegetation were determined in the lowland forest in this reserve.
We believed that there are more than 674 species of vegetation grow in the reserve. May be 4000 species with 2400 species of wood trees such as meranti merah group, merbau and keruing.
The highly diversity of flora in the reserve is the indicator that there are a lot of herbs have grown in the forest stand of this reserve.
The herbs such as tungkat ali, rempah gunung, pasak bumi, medang sarsi, tungkat ali hitam etc have grpwn in the forest stand
Whitmore 1972 classified the forest in Malaysia as A. lowland dipterokarp forest <300 METER A.S.L;B. hilly dipterokarp forest 300-750 m; C. upper hilly dipterokarp forest 750-900; . D.Teja range mountain forest >1200meter a.s.l ;E. mountain forest.
Hopea, dipterocarpus cornutus, D. baudii, shorea acuminate and shorea ovalis are the family of dipetrokarpaceae have grown in lowland forest <300 meter a.s.l
Is known as lowland forest
The elevation of 750 – 900 meter is hilly forest and 900 meter to 1200 is upper hilly forest. Reasak, meranti, keruing and meranti tembaga meranti seraya etc have grown in the hilly forest.






INTRODUCTION
History of krau reserve
The resrve ifter war
Change of reserve baondary
Location of the resrve
Iklim/climate data from jabatan kaji cuaca
The terrain around the reserve
Population and lan used around the reserve
Soil types
Flora in the reserve

Justification f the study
Objective of the study
LITERATURE REVIEW
Rain forest
Biodiversity abundance of flora by using Shannon index
Rain forest ecosystem
Productivity from forest resources such as herbs
Lowland forest
The important of herbs study in forest stand ecology and distribution aspect
Forest resources such herbs pertaining to economic growth
PLOT LOCATION AND DESIGN METHOD
Site study plots sized radius 25 meter each with 75 plots

Method Design
Data analysis
CHAPTER 4 RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Herbs composition in bukit tapah and bukit rengit lanchang mukim semantan Temerloh_famili myrticacaea
Forest stand of dipterokarpacea forest briefly
The relation abundance compare with others forest stand
Ecology aspect that influenced the herb growth and distyribution_suitable